西祠胡同 xici.net

韩岩导读:本文为澳大利亚学院发起的一份请求签名的倡议书。该学院为堪培拉一家独立的思想库。创始人为经济学家CLIVE AMILTON。这是澳大利亚一位极为独特的知名经济学家，他的著作<经济成长的变态崇拜>曾在澳大利亚轰动一时。

CLIVE 和心理学有一种特殊的关系。在他的<经济。。。。>一书里，有一个专门章节讨论幸福(心理健康)(WELBEING) 和不同因素的关系研究。他先从收入和国家GDP 谈起，而后谈到生命意义，内在和外在价值追求和幸福的关系。关于经济，很有意思的一点是，收入也罢， GDP也罢，达到一定值，继续增长就与人们对生活的满意度无关。在一些研究中，最富裕的阶层对生活的满意度要低于比他们收入低一些的阶层。我比较过一个中国的研究，发现经济收入与生活满意度则呈完全正相关。这样看来，比较可能的解释是，有其他因素在影响人们的幸福。CLIVE 的讨论则进入深层，谈到了自我实现，容格的INDIVIDUATION。这里要谈到
CLIVE 与心理学的另外一层关系。他曾经接受容格派的心理分析。就是在一次容格学会的讨论会上，我见到了作为演讲者的他。

阅读该文，也许会让人感觉到这样的社会未免太理想化了一些。但即令如此，我以为本帖的作用也达到了。因为我以为，在我们今天的华人社会的氛围中，关于什么是理想社会，政府与之关系的想象似乎不存在了。翻开这里的华人报纸，你看不到一点这样的概念。。。。。

尽管这份倡议书是针对澳大利亚政府的，许多东西不一定吻合中国国情。但一些相类似的思想，在国内一些学者那里也是存在的。比如胡鞍钢。我近来读一本他们编的关于中国的国家体制建设的书，许多观点好像恰合针对我当年回国时的感受。

 那么这一切和心理咨询什么关系呢？我想其码有两点：其一，我不知道这里诸位是否意识到一个像样的心理咨询业的崛起，或说，中国的心理咨询业要有所突破的话，端赖底下一整套国家硬件软件的基础？在澳大利亚，心理咨询虽有大量自由市场的成分，但更主要还是由政府来办的，或是由政府出钱民间组织来办。其二，心理咨询师虽然在社会大规模范围内不一定能直接做什么，但保持宽阔的社会文化意识也许是很重要的。我们自身是渗透于文化之中，我们的客人也如此，我们在咨询中，不可避免的是在和不同的力量周旋着。

最后，关键的关键，哪位朋友能翻译一下这个“美好的社会” ？
  

        [b]A manifesto for wellbeing[/b]
              
Preamble

Australians are three times richer than their parents and grandparents were in the 1950s, but they are no happier. Despite the evidence of a decline in national wellbeing, governments continue to put economic interests first. The obsession with economic growth means other things that could improve our wellbeing are sacrificed.

There is widespread community concern that the values of the market—
individualism, selfishness, materialism,competition—are driving out the more
desirable values of trust, self-restraint,mutual respect and generosity. Many
people feel alienated from the political process; the main parties seem too alike and think of progress only in material terms.

The challenge of our age is to build a new politics that is committed, above all,to improving our wellbeing.

Wellbeing

Throughout history sages have counselled that happiness is not a goal but a
consequence of how we live, that it comes from being content with what we have.
Today, we are sold a different message—that we will be happy only if we have
more money and more of the things money buys. Human experience and scientific
research do not support this belief.Our wellbeing is shaped by our genes,
our upbringing, our personal circumstances and choices, and the social
conditions in which we live. Our collective wellbeing is improved if we live in a peaceful, flourishing, supportive society, so promoting wellbeing should be a public as well as a personal task.We often think of wellbeing as happiness, but it is more than that. It is about having meaning in our lives—developing as a person and feeling that our lives are fulfilling and worthwhile.
Wellbeing comes from having a web of relationships and interests. Family and
friends, work, leisure activities and spiritual beliefs can all increase our
wellbeing. The intimacy, sense of belonging and support offered by close
personal relationships are of greatest value. Material comforts are essential up
to a point, and there is no doubt that poverty remains a serious problem in
Australia. But for most Australians more money would add little to their wellbeing.

What can governments do?

Governments can’t legislate to make us happy, but many things they do affect our wellbeing. Industrial relations laws can damage or improve the quality of our working lives; government policies can protect the environment or see it defiled;our children’s education depends on the quality of schools; tax licies can make the difference between a fair and an unfair society; and the esiveness of our communities is affected by city design and transport plans.

This manifesto proposes nine areas in which a government could and should
enact policies to improve national wellbeing.

1.Provide fulfilling work

Fulfilling work is vital to our wellbeing; insecure, stressful and unsatisfying jobs diminish it. High-quality work can provide us with purpose, challenge and
opportunities. Through it we can develop our capacities, begin to realise our
potential, and meet many of our social needs. In short, fulfilling work is essential if we are to flourish. Workplaces that provide secure, rewarding jobs should be encouraged. Workplace flexibility,including quality part-time jobs, should operate in the interests of employees as well as employers.

Unemployment is more damaging than just the loss of income, and disparaging
unemployed people serves only to increase their anxiety and sense of exclusion.
Pursuing full employment is essential to a wellbeing economy, as is ensuring decent minimum workplace standards.Satisfying work can be found inside and outside the home. Work in the household and in communities is essential to social health but it is ignored because it falls outside the official economy.
Governments should value this work, and employers need to adapt to the realities of family life. Maternity leave, paternity leave, carers’ leave and sick leave are not costs but essential to our wellbeing.

2.Reclaim our time

Among the countries of the developed world, Australians now work the longest
hours and have less holiday leave than most. We systematically overestimate the
amount of wellbeing associated with high incomes and long work hours. As a result,our families, our health and our sense of achievement all suffer.

If Australia is to thrive, our working lives should contribute to, rather than sap,our wellbeing and that of our families.Spending more time with our families,
friends and communities would make most of us happier, and our workplaces must be reshaped to allow us to reclaim our time.To flourish as a nation—not just as an economy—we need to limit working hours by reducing the maximum working week to 35 hours initially and by more thereafter. Other developed countries have reduced working hours without the often-predicted chaos. If we took productivity gains in the form of a shorter working week rather than higher pay we could improve our quality of life and create new job opportunities, all without any reduction in pay.

3. Protect the environment

A healthy, diverse natural environment is valuable in itself; it is also essential to human wellbeing. But government and business tell us we cannot afford too much protection—it’s bad for GDP. We know,though, that the wellbeing of future generations will be heavily affected if we fail resolutely to tackle biodiversity loss, pollution and waste. Climate change in particular poses a severe threat and demands immediate and far-reaching measures by government.

We can do much more than we have to date. We should increase taxes on damaging environmental activities such as burning fossil fuels and reduce taxes on
socially beneficial activities such as providing fulfilling work. We should make
the generation of waste very expensive and reward businesses and households that
reduce their consumption and recycle materials.

3.Rethink education

It is impossible for all students to come first in their class, and our education system should stop pretending they can.Our schools should be dedicated to creating capable, confident, emotionally mature young people who are equipped to face life’s vicissitudes.

Young Australians are told they will have up to six careers in their lifetime, yet we insist on making high schools and universities more vocationally oriented. As a result, students learn less about themselves and the societies around them. A greater focus on children’s physical, emotional and moral wellbeing—rather than competitive test results—would produce happier, healthier young people. We should stop turning universities into businesses selling degrees and make them the critic and conscience of society, places where students flourish as humans and where academics feel free to question
powerful institutions without fear of victimisation.

4.Invest in early childhood

Studies show that, for each dollar wisely invested in early childhood education and care, we can save up to seven dollars in avoided costs of crime, employment,
remedial education and welfare payments. A wellbeing government would invest
more.

Children need a great deal of individual attention in their early years.Shared parental leave should be extended to cover the first two years of a child’s life. Parents, too, need support so they can do the best job for their children. Adolescence too is an important time; parents need to participate actively in the whole developmental journey.

6. Discourage materialism and promote responsible advertising

Buying a particular brand of margarine cannot give us a happy family, and owning
a four-wheel drive will not deliver us from humdrum lives. But the advertisers seek to persuade us otherwise. Advertising makes us more materialistic, even though we know that people who are more materialistic are usually more self-absorbed, less community oriented and less happy. Materialism is also bad for the environment.

Marketers have hijacked the media and most of our cultural events, and it is
impossible to escape their daily barrage.We need commercial-free zones in our
cities and limits on shopping developments. And governments should use tax and retirement policies to help people who want to change to less materialistic lifestyles. Advertisers prey especially on children because they know they lack the ability to distinguish between facts and advertising fiction. As in Sweden,
advertising aimed at children under 12 should be banned, and advertising codes of conduct should be made legally binding so that irresponsible and deceptive marketing is outlawed.

7. Build communities and relationships

A flourishing society is characterised by vibrant, resilient and sustainable
communities. Loneliness and isolation cause much unhappiness, especially
among single parents, unemployed people, older people living alone and people with disabilities and their carers. Instead of criticising single parents
who do the best they can, we should support them. Instead of judging people by
their sexuality, we should encourage all loving and supportive relationships. And we need to help people develop the skills to build stronger family relationships. We all depend on others for care at some time in our lives. Care is provided by parents, children, friends and others. We need to value all carers more. Governments and employers should do much more to support workers with caring responsibilities.

Governments should also support participation in community organisations,
especially among marginalised groups. Volunteers contribute greatly to our
wellbeing and need to be recognised and rewarded.

8. A fairer society

Strong economic management will always be needed; but instead of a narrow focus
on GDP growth, the objectives should include building public infrastructure and
reducing social and regional inequalities. Widening disparities in incomes and
access to services create resentment and disharmony.

Instead of blaming the victims, a wellbeing society would acknowledge that
some people are left behind by the market. A fairer system of taxation and
government spending—including better public services and income support for
those less able to compete in the marketplace—would enhance social wellbeing.

More public funds could also go to overseas aid to help the poor in developing
countries escape from poverty and destitution.

Increased public spending on measures to improve wellbeing in Australia could easily be financed by cutting business and middle-class welfare and cracking down on tax avoidance.

9. Measure what matters

Economic growth is treated as the panacea for our ills. But for affluent societies growth in GDP has almost no connection with improvements in national wellbeing. Bushfires, car accidents and crime waves all increase GDP, but they don’t make us better off. GDP takes no account of how increases in income are distributed or the damage to the natural environment that economic activity can cause. We need a set of national wellbeing accounts so that we can monitor our
progress. They should report on the quality of work, the state of our ommunities, crime rates, our health, the strength of our relationships, and the state of the environment. Governments should be judged by how much our wellbeing
improves, not by how much the economy expands.

Towards a flourishing society

The question for Australia in the 21st century is not how we can become richer: it is how we can use our high standard of
living to build a flourishing society—one devoted to improving our wellbeing rather than just expanding the economy. Many Australians are anxious about
declining moral standards. We worry that we have become too selfish, materialistic and superficial and long for a society built on mutual respect, self-restraint and generosity of spirit.

The changes proposed in this manifesto would inspire healthier communities, stronger personal relationships, happier workplaces, a better balance between work and home, less commercialisation, and greater environmental protection.
A flourishing society is not a futile hope. Australian democracy offers people
the opportunity to shed their cynicism and commit themselves to creating a better future.

The Australia Institute
To give your endorsement of this manife
________________________

翻译草稿

流莹 译

关于“幸福”的宣言

导言

今天的澳洲人比起他们在上世纪五十年代时的父母和祖父母要富裕三倍多。不过政府却无视国家幸福度下降的迹象，依旧把对经济的兴趣放在首位。经济增长带来的困扰，意味着那些可以改善我们的幸福度的事情，被牺牲掉了。

全社会普遍在关注市场价值----个人主义、自私自利、物化、竞争----却把更有价值的“信任、自我克制、相互尊重、宽容”排挤在外了。许多人觉得被疏离在政治进程之外；那些主要的政党们看上去如此相似，只关心着物质概念上的发展。

我们当时代的挑战，在于建立一个首要任务即效忠于发展我们幸福度的新政治。

幸福度

智者忠告：快乐非目标，而是我们生活之“果”，它来源于对我们所拥有的（生活）的满足。

今天，我们叫嚣着与完全不同的观念——我们只有拥有更多的钱，拥有更多的钱可以买到的东西，才更快乐。（然则），人类的经验和科学研究却并不支持此信念。我们的幸福度的成型与发展，有赖于我们的基因、教养、个人境况与选择度、居住的社会环境。我们集体的幸福度的提升，则有赖于一个和平的、繁荣的、有支撑的社会，因此，提升幸福度是个体与公众共同的任务。我们常把幸福度当作快乐，其实远不止。它意味着在我们的生活中—象真正的人那样发展，感受到生活是令人满足的、有价值的。

[b]政府能够做什么？[/b]

政府无法通过立法使我们快乐，但他们做的许多事会影响我们的幸福度。劳资关系的法律会损害或提升我们的工作模式的质量；政府政策可以保护环境或任其被污染；孩子的教育有赖于学校的质量；税收会区分开公平社会与不公平社会；社会的***？将受制于城市规划与交通设计。

此宣言拟于九个方面，提请政府应当且需要制定政策来提升国家的幸福度。

----------------------------------------

1、提供令人满足的工作

令人满足的工作对于幸福度至关重要，而有压力感的、令人不满的工作则会削弱幸福度。高品质的工作提供我们目标感、挑战性与机会。通过它，我们可以发展才能、发掘潜力，更适应于社会需求。简而言之，如果我们打算繁荣兴旺，满意的工作是基本的。那些提供安全、有益工作的工厂会被鼓励，而弹性工作（含兼职）将由于雇工与雇主都感兴趣而开展起来。

失业比收入减少的伤害更大，而轻视失业人群的服务工作只能加大他们的焦虑与被排斥感.

追求高就业率对于幸福经济很必要，如同确保象样的、最必要数量的工作场所的标准一样。令人满意的工作应当在家庭内外都能找到。家务劳动与社会工作对于维系健康社会同样必须，但家务劳动常被否认只因为它被排除在正式的经济统计之外。

政府当承认这些工作的价值，而雇主们需要适应家庭生活的本质。产假、父亲产假、看护假、病假并不仅仅是些成本，而是对社会幸福度很有必要的。

2、要回我们的时间

在发达国家中，澳洲比别人拥有更长的工作时间与更少的假期。我们系统性地评价中，过多地把幸福度与高收入长工作时间联系在一起。结果，我们的家庭、健康和成就感均受到了损害。

如果澳洲打算更兴旺发达，那我们的工作方式理应更多地维系自身以及家庭的幸福度，而不仅仅是象个傻子式的干活。花更多的时间陪伴家人，朋友，花更多的时间融入团体（社会）将使我们更快乐，我们的工作场所将被改造以适于我们索要回属于我们的时间。一个国家的繁荣，不仅仅是经济繁荣，我们需要缩减工作时间，开始时可以缩减每周最长工作时间至35小时，以后递减。其他发达国家减少工作时间并不会带来经常性似可预见的混乱。如果我们把提高生产力以缩减劳动时间的形式表现出来，要好过提高报酬率，我们可以提高生活质量，创造新的就业机会，均不会导致报酬减少。

3、保护环境

一个健康的、变化的自然环境本身就价值非常，对人类幸福度也非常重要。但是政府与商业却告诉我们，无法为它提供更多的保护——那对GDP不利。但我们知道，如果我们不那么坚决地阻止生物多样性的消失，污染以及浪费，子孙后代的幸福度将严重受影响。气候变化摆出一种严厉威胁的姿态，要求政府采取立即的和更有远见的权衡之术。

我们能做的比我们不得不计划做的更多。我们可以对损害环境的行为征收高税赋（如燃烧石油燃料），可以对那些有利于社会的行为减少税赋（如提供令人满意的工作）。我们将使得浪费变得高成本，而奖励那些减少浪费和使用再生能源的商家与家庭。

4、反思教育

每个学生都在班级里拿第一是不可能的，我们的教育体系必须中止诸如此般的假想。学校理应着重培养学生的能力、自信力、成熟的情绪，这些年青人当具备的，足使他们面对生活波折的素质。

澳洲的年青人被告之在他们的一生中，可以达到六个职业生涯（？），但我们又强调高中与大学应有更多地职业导向性。这样一来，学生们更少关心自身及身外的社会。更多地关注学生的身体健康、情绪与道德的幸福，将创造出快乐而健康的年青人，这要好过竞争性考试所带来的。我们得阻止把大学变成贩卖学位的地方，而是使它成为社会的批叛者与集道德大成者，在这里，学生将更象真正的人一样富于生气，而学院思想将自由置疑权力机构而不会担心成为牺牲品。

5、投资儿童早期生活

研究表明，若1美元被明智地投资在儿童早期教育与关爱之上，则未来将在犯罪、雇工、补偿性教育和社会福利支出方面节省7美元。一个幸福度较高的政府用于此方面（早期教育）的投入将更多。

在儿童成长的早期，需要大量的针对个体的爱护。共用的双亲假期将延长到照料到孩子出生的头两年。而父母也需要支持以便为孩子做最好的事情。青春期亦很重要，父母则需积极参与整个成长历程。

6、阻制物化、提倡有（社会）责任感的广告

购买独特品牌的人造黄油并不能给我们一个快乐的家庭，拥有汽车也不能把我们从单调的生活中解救出来。但是广告商们总是劝说我们不是这样的。广告使我们更加物化，尽管我们了解，越是物化的人，通常越是自我关注、越缺少团体性、也越少快乐，而且物化对于环境也是不利的。

市场人士总是打劫媒体与我们大部份的文化活动，逃避他们日常的阻截几乎不可能。我们需要在城市里有自由购物的地带，并对商业发展适应限制。政府将用税收与退休金政策来保护那些打算改变到较少物化生活模式的人们。

广告商们喜欢盯着孩子，因为孩子们缺少识别事实与广告吹嘘之间不同的能力。而在瑞典，针对12岁以下儿童的广告是被取缔的，且广告行为准则与法律相联，不负责任的以及欺骗性的商业行为都是违法的。

7、构建社会团体与关系

一个繁荣社会，被描述成令人振奋的、有弹性的、有支撑力的社会。孤独与寂寞会导致更多的不快乐，尤其是那些单亲家庭、失业人群、独居老人、残疾人群及其看护者。我们不再批评那些已经尽力的单亲（母亲？），而是更多地支持她们。我们将鼓励所有的亲密的和积极的人际关系，而不再是根据性来下判断。

我们需要帮助人们发展技能以构建强有力的家庭关系。在我们的一生中，我们总要依靠他人的照顾。关爱来自于父母、孩子、朋友和其他人。我们需要更多地重视所有的关爱方。政府与雇主需要更多地以富有同情心的责任感来支持劳工。

政府还将支持参与社会组织者，尤其是参与那些边缘团体。志愿者们为我们的幸福度做了很大的贡献，他们应当被鼓励与嘉奖。

8. 公平社会

强大的经济管理是需要的，但不仅仅局限于狭隘的关注于GDP的增长，它的目标还包括建立社会基础组织、减少社会与地区内的不平等，收入差距以及服务性工作的门槛差距的拉大都会导致愤怒与不和谐。

一个高幸福度的社会将承认一些人是被市场遗弃的，并且不再谴责这些受害人（牺牲品）。而一个公平的税制和政府支出---包括更好的社会服务和为那些不太适应市场化环境的人付出的补贴收入---将有助于增加全社会的幸福度。

更多的社会基金将援助海外去帮助发展中国家的人们脱离贫困。

削减商业与中产阶级的财富以及制裁避税行为，都将很容易地提供更多的政府支出，用以提升澳洲的整体幸福度。

9、权衡更重要的事

经济增长被当作生活“诟病”的万能药。然而对于富裕社会来说，GDP的增长与幸福社会的成长并无关系。森林大火、车祸、犯罪潮都会使GDP增长，但它们却不会使我们幸福。GDP没有注意到收入的增加是如何影响或损害自然环境（那恰是由于经济活动引起的）。我们需要一张社会幸福的报表，这样我们可以监督我们的发展。他们将报告工作品、社会环境、犯罪率、健康、关系强度、自然环境等。政府将被根据我们的幸福度有没有提高来被评判，而不是仅考虑经济增长。

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[b]朝向一个更繁荣的社会[/b]

21世纪澳洲的问题，不是我们怎样变得更富有，而是我们如何利用高生活质量来建构一个繁荣的社会----人们将倾心于提升他们的幸福度，而不是仅仅增长经济。许多澳洲人担忧道德水平的衰退。我们苦恼于自己变得太自私、太物化、太肤浅，我们期待着在相互尊重、自我克制和灵魂宽容之上建构一个社会。

本宣言里倡导的改革，将鼓舞建立起更健康的社会、更强有力的私人关系、更愉快的工作场所，工作与家庭之间更好的平衡，更少的物化性，更多的环境保护。

一个繁荣的社会，并非不切实际的空想。澳洲的民主政治，为人们提供了这样的可能：我们将摆脱犬儒主义，投入到创造一个更美好的未来中去。

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另一翻译本(部分的)

郜枫

A manifesto for wellbeing 心灵健康声明
             
Preamble 前言

Australians are three times richer than their parents and grandparents were in the 1950s, but they are no happier. Despite the evidence of a decline in national wellbeing, governments continue to put economic interests first. The obsession with economic growth means other things that could improve our wellbeing are sacrificed.
现在的澳洲人与生活在五十年代的父辈，祖父辈相比要富裕三倍，但是他们并不快乐。尽管大量的事实表明国民的心灵健康状况在下降，但政府仍然把经济利益放在首位。让人费解的是经济增长却意味着一些可以改善心灵健康的项目要做出让步。

There is widespread community concern that the values of the market—individualism, selfishness, materialism, competition—are driving out the more desirable values of trust, self-restraint, mutual respect and generosity. Many people feel alienated from the political process; the main parties seem too alike and think of progress only in material terms.
一个普遍让人担忧的情况是市场经济的价值观 – 利己主义，自私，唯物主义，竞争等正在取代信任、自制、相互尊敬和宽厚的中庸价值观。许多人感觉与政治进程疏远; 两大党似乎太相象，认为进展取决于物质条件。

The challenge of our age is to build a new politics that is committed, above all, to improving our wellbeing.
如上所述，对这个时代的挑战是要建构一个新的健全的政治体制，致力于改善国民的心灵健康。

Wellbeing 心灵健康
throughout history sages have counselled that happiness is not a goal but a consequence of how we live, that it comes from being content with what we have.
Today, we are sold a different message—that we will be happy only if we have more money and more of the things money buys. Human experience and scientific research do not support this belief. Our wellbeing is shaped by our genes, our upbringing, our personal circumstances and choices, and the social conditions in which we live. Our collective wellbeing is improved if we live in a peaceful, flourishing, supportive society, so promoting wellbeing should be a public as well as a personal task. We often think of wellbeing as happiness, but it is more than that. It is about having meaning in our lives—developing as a person and feeling that our lives are fulfilling and worthwhile.
历史明智的告诉我们，幸福不是目的，却是我们生活的所需，它来源于我们对已拥有的满足。可如今，人们不断地被灌输这样的信息 – 我们只有在拥有更多的金钱和有钱购买更多东西时才能获得快乐。人类的经历和科学研究没法支持这一观点。我们的心灵健康由我们的基因、养育过程、个人情况、选择和我们居住的条件塑造而成。如果我们能居住在一个平安， 繁荣，及足够的社会支持环境里，我们的心理状态会得到改进，因此宣传心灵健康应该是整个社会及每个个人的职责。人们常认为心灵健康就是获得幸福，其实它的意义要深刻的多。它涉及我们人生的意义 – 发展每个个体和实现我们生命的价值。

Wellbeing comes from having a web of relationships and interests. Family and
friends, work, leisure activities and spiritual beliefs can all increase our wellbeing. The intimacy, sense of belonging and support offered by close personal relationships are of greatest value. Material comforts are essential up to a point, and there is no doubt that poverty remains a serious problem in Australia. But for most Australians more money would add little to their wellbeing.
心灵健康与关系和兴趣网络有关。家庭和朋友、工作、娱乐活动和精神信仰都能增强我们内心的宁静。亲密关系、归属感和亲近人员给与的支持是极有价值的。物质生活的舒适是关键点, 不容怀疑的是，贫穷在澳洲依然是个严重的问题。但多数澳大利亚人也会因为拥有更多的金钱而增加一点他们内心的安宁。

What can governments do? 政府能做什么？

Governments can’t legislate to make us happy, but many things they do affect our wellbeing. Industrial relations laws can damage or improve the quality of our working lives; government policies can protect the environment or see it defiled; our children’s education depends on the quality of schools; tax policies can make the difference between a fair and an unfair society; and the cohesiveness of our communities is affected by city design and transport plans.
政府无法通过立法来使我们快乐，但是他们做的许多事会影响到我们的心灵健康。工业关系法可能损坏或改进我们的职业生活的质量；政府政策可能保护环境也会使之污染；儿童教育取决于学校的质量; 税收制可能在社会上产生一个公平与否的变化；社区的凝聚力也受到城市设计和交通规划的影响。

This manifesto proposes nine areas in which a government could and should enact policies to improve national wellbeing.
这个宣言中的九个方面打算是政府应该也能够从制定政策上来改进国民的心灵健康。

1. Provide fulfilling work 提供稳定的工作
fulfilling work is vital to our wellbeing; insecure, stressful and unsatisfying jobs diminish it. High-quality work can provide us with purpose, challenge and opportunities. Through it we can develop our capacities, begin to realise our potential, and meet many of our social needs. In short, fulfilling work is essential if we are to flourish. Workplaces that provide secure, rewarding jobs should be encouraged. Workplace flexibility, including quality part-time jobs, should operate in the interests of employees as well as employers.
一个稳定完美的工作对我们的心灵健康是重要的; 不安全, 紧张和不满意的工作会减少心灵的平静。优质的工作可能给我们提供目标、挑战和机会。通过它我们能开发我们的才智, 挖掘我们的潜能, 满足许多社会需求。从眼前来看, 完美的工作是使我们这个社会繁荣的根本。工作场所提供安全的, 有益的工作应该得到鼓励。工作场所的灵活性, 包括高质量的半职工作, 应该在有利于雇员和雇主双方的情况下运作。

Unemployment is more damaging than just the loss of income, and isparaging
unemployed people serves only to increase their anxiety and sense of exclusion. Pursuing full employment is essential to a wellbeing economy, as is ensuring decent minimum workplace standards.
失业的伤害比收入减少更惨重, 轻视失业人员只会增加他们的忧虑和被社会抛弃的感觉。追求全职工作是福利经济的根本，是保证起码地工作场所标准。

Satisfying work can be found inside and outside the home. Work in the household and in communities is essential to social health but it is ignored because it falls outside the official economy. Governments should value this work, and employers need to adapt to the realities of family life. Maternity leave, paternity leave, carers’ leave and sick leave are not costs but essential to our wellbeing.
令人满意的工作在家里和家外都可以找到。家庭和社区工作是社会健康的根本，但它却因为落在正式经济之外而被忽略。政府应该重视这些工作，工作人员要去适应真实的家庭生活。产假，初为人父假期，护理者假期，病假等对心灵健康至关重要，绝不是一种额外花费。

2.   Reclaim our time索还我们的时间
Among the countries of the developed world, Australians now work the longest hours and have less holiday leave than most. We systematically overestimate the amount of wellbeing associated with high incomes and long work hours. As a result, our families, our health and our sense of achievement all suffer.
世界上的发展中国家中, 澳大利亚人工作时间最长，比多数国家假期要少。从相关高收入和长的工作小时来看，我们系统地过高估计了我们的福利程度。结果, 我们的家庭、我们的健康和成就意识全部遭受损害。

If Australia is to thrive, our working lives should contribute to, rather than sap, our wellbeing and that of our families. Spending more time with our families, friends and communities would make most of us happier, and our workplaces must be reshaped to allow us to reclaim our time.
如果澳洲要兴旺, 我们的职业生涯应该多贡献一点给我们的心灵和我们的家庭。花多点时间与我们的家人, 朋友和社区在一起会使我们中的大多数更加愉快, 我们的工作场所也必须改革从而允许我们拥有更多自己的时间。

To flourish as a nation—not just as an economy—we need to limit working hours by reducing the maximum working week to 35 hours initially and by more thereafter. Other developed countries have reduced working hours without the often-predicted chaos. If we took productivity gains in the form of a shorter working week rather than higher pay we could improve our quality of life and create new job opportunities, all without any reduction in pay.
要成为一个繁荣的国家，不只是经济强大，我们需要限制工作时间，由长时间的工作降低至每周工作35 个小时及相关后续事项。其它发达国家减少了工作时间并没有发生预料中的纷乱。如果我们采取有效的措施，减少工作时间而不是付高额薪水让人长时间工作，我们会因此改善人们的生活质量并能创造新工作机会, 总体上没有减少薪水。

3.   Protect the environment 保护环境
A healthy, diverse natural environment is valuable in itself; it is also essential to human wellbeing. But government and business tell us we cannot afford too much protection—it’s bad for GDP. We know, though, that the wellbeing of future generations will be heavily affected if we fail resolutely to tackle biodiversity loss, pollution and waste. Climate change in particular poses a severe threat and demands immediate and far-reaching measures by government.
一个健康, 多元的自然环境本身就非常有价值; 它对人的心灵健康也至关重要。但政府和商业却告诉人们我们无法作太多承诺 – 它对国民生产总值起到很坏的作用。虽然我们知道, 如果我们不能坚决地处理多样性生物损失、污染和废物，未来世代的心灵健康将受到严重影响。尤其是气候变化造成的严重威胁，要求政府制定出即时和广远的措施。

We can do much more than we have to date. We should increase taxes on damaging environmental activities such as burning fossil fuels and reduce taxes on socially beneficial activities such as providing fulfilling work. We should make the generation of waste very expensive and reward businesses and households that reduce their consumption and recycle materials.
我们还能做得更多些。我们应该对损坏环境行为譬如烧烧矿物燃料增加税收，对在社会上有利的活动譬如提供有效的工作方面减少税收。我们应该使对世代的消耗变得非产昂贵，对减少物质的消费量和回收材料的企业和家庭给与奖励。

4.   Rethink education 再思教育
It is impossible for all students to come first in their class, and our education system should stop pretending they can. Our schools should be dedicated to creating capable, confident, emotionally mature young people who are equipped to face life’s vicissitudes.
不可能让所有学生都第一个来到教室, 并且我们的教育体制应该停止以为他们能这样。我们的学校应该致力提高学生的能力、信心，使这些年轻人在情感上成熟，能面对可能发生的生活变迁。

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